Infection control is the scientific discipline and applied methodology focused on preventing the transmission of infectious agents within populations and environments, encompassing practices and policies aimed at reducing the incidence of infections and containing outbreaks. As a research field, it investigates the epidemiology of infectious diseases, modes of transmission, host-pathogen interactions, and the efficacy of preventive interventions such as hygiene, sterilization, isolation, and surveillance. Characterized by its multidisciplinary nature and evidence-based approach, infection control holds significant importance in safeguarding public health, minimizing healthcare-associated infections, and optimizing the use of healthcare resources.